{"id":6506,"date":"2024-08-05T10:33:09","date_gmt":"2024-08-05T10:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/busbarmanufacturer.com\/?p=6506"},"modified":"2025-05-21T05:52:04","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T05:52:04","slug":"connect-aluminum-conductors-to-copper","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/busbarmanufacturer.com\/el\/connect-aluminum-conductors-to-copper\/","title":{"rendered":"How do I connect aluminum conductors to copper bus bars?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:70px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:20px;\"><p id=\"how-do-i-safely-connect-aluminum-conductors-to-copper-bus-bars-key-steps-and-definitive-guide\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 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\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf (\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 -1,66V) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 (+0,34V) \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae, \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5-\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c8\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 200 \u2103.<\/li>\n<li>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2: \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2<br \/>\n\u039f \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (23,1 x 10-6\/ \u00b0C) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 1,4 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd (16,5 x 10-6\/ \u00b0C). \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03be\u03b7 (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 1).<\/li>\n<li>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5: \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\n\u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bc \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (Al2O3). \u0397 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf 1014 \u03a9-cm, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 1.000 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 30%-50%.<\/li>\n<li>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd: \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1<br \/>\n\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf 60% \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03ae \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 1).<\/li>\n<li>\u0395\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2<br \/>\n\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 60% \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 20%-40% \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf (\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 1). \u0397 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"table-1\">\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">\u03a7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 (C1100)<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">\u0391\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf (6101-T6)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Conductiveite (%IACS)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">100 %<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">55 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u03a0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 (g\/cm\u00b3)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">8,96<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">2,70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 (\u00d710-6\/\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">16.5<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">23.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc (MPa<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">220<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">1.0<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">0,6-0,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\" style=\"--awb-margin-top:20px;\"><h2 id=\"ii-six-step-standardized-process\"><span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03be\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1: \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 Specialized Transition Connectors<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0391\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf: \u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (Sn-0,14V) \u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7 (Ag+0,80V) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 0,8 V (\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd-\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2,0 V).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 2: \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7: \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf 120 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bc \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 Ra\u22643,2\u03bcm.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1: \u03a8\u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03be\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 3: \u0391\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u039c\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd: \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae 10-12 Nm \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 M8, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 2).<\/li>\n<li>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2: \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae (\u0394R\/\u0394\u03c3\uff1c-0,1\u03bc\u03a9\/MPa) \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2-\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 4: \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (FSW): \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 90% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5\u03c1: \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 Zn-Al (\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03ae\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 380\u00b0C) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 CuAl2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 5: \u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba \u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 (\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 125\u2103) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c8\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 6: \u03a4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03a5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03c1\u03b7 \u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7: \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03b7 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 30\u2103 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf IEC 61439-1).<\/li>\n<li>\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 20% \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03ba \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"iii-industry-cases\"><span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1: \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 + \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf 15 \u2103 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 96 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c8\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac 3 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03c4\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ad\u03b1: \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 10 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 12% \u03c3\u03b5 1,5% \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd-\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac T\u00dcV Rheinland).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"iv-summary-and-recommendations\"><span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c8\u03b7<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5-\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0394\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae.<\/li>\n<li>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/li>\n<li>\u0397 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nam lacinia arcu tortor, nec luctus nibh dignissim eu nulla sit amet maximus.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6508,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[13,15],"class_list":["post-6506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-creative","category-featured","tag-app","tag-camera"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How do I connect aluminum conductors to copper bus bars?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover safe methods to connect aluminum conductors to copper busbars: Prevent galvanic corrosion, optimize torque control, and select transition connectors 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